Core tip: in 1983, Welch Allyn successfully developed the electronic camera endoscope. The front end of the mirror is equipped with a high-sensitivity micro camera, which transmits the recorded image to the television information processing system in the form of electrical signal, and then converts the signal into an image that can be seen on the television imaging machine.

1. Hard endoscopy stage (1806-1932): the hard endoscopy stage was initiated by German Philipp bozzini. It is composed of a flower bottle light source, candles and a series of lenses. It is mainly used for bladder and urethra examination. The hard endoscope developed by rosenhein in 1895 consists of three tubes arranged in concentric circles. In 1911, Elsner improved rosenhein gastroscope, but the main defect was that the lens could not be observed after being dirty. Nevertheless, Elsner gastroscope was still in command before 1932.

2. Half flexion endoscopy stage (1932-1957): Schindler cooperated with excellent instrument operator Georg wolf to develop gastroscope in 1928. It was successful in 1932 and was named wolf Schindler gastroscope. After that, many people transformed it to make it more complete and practical.

3. Optical fiber endoscopy stage (1957 present): in 1954, Hopkins and kapany of Britain invented optical fiber technology. In 1957, hirschowitz and his assistant demonstrated the self-developed optical fiber endoscope at the American gastroscopy society. In the 1960s, olympas in Japan adopted an external cold light source, which greatly increased the brightness and further expanded the field of vision. In recent 10 years, with the continuous improvement of accessory devices, fiber endoscopy can be used not only for diagnosis, but also for surgical treatment.

4. Era of electronic endoscopy (after 1983): in 1983, Welch Allyn company successfully developed electronic camera endoscopy. The front end of the mirror is equipped with a high-sensitivity micro camera, which transmits the recorded image to the television information processing system in the form of electrical signal, and then converts the signal into an image visible on the television imaging machine.

It mainly consists of several parts:

1. Objective lens (endoscope: rigid tube lens and hose lens)

2. Electric coupler CCD

3. Medical monitor

4. Cold light source and control host

In addition, it can be equipped with computer and acquisition card to realize the function of image acquisition and storage

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